MANAGEMENT AND REGULATIONS
Causes of environmental problems
- Lack of management control
- Lack of enforcement incentives
- Poorly defined National, Provincial and Local legislation
and policy
- Lack of biophysical data base
Effects on the environment
- Litter
- Illegal dumping and effluent discharge
- Insufficient recycling
- Over utilisation of waste disposal sites
- Unsatisfactory waste collection and landfill conditions
- Health impacts resulting from water and air pollution
- Soil, air and water pollution
- An increase in dangerous industrial emissions
- Lack of ability to pin-point or punish offenders
- Lack of technological improvement
- Loss of biodiversity
- Crime ridden open space areas
- Non-utilisable open space
- Lack of facilities
- Eurocentric, high maintenance, water intensive designs of
open space
- Lack of informed decision making
ECONOMIC ISSUES
Causes of environmental problems
- Lack of budgets and financial problems
- Lack of payment of rates and taxes
- Lack of services
- Poverty
Effects on the environment
- Illegal dumping, effluent discharge and lack of sanitation
due to insufficient services
- Over utilisation of existing waste disposal sites
- Lack of new technology and research
- Soil, air and water pollution
- The continuing need to use air pollution generating coal and
wood burning fires due to the lack of electrification
- Lack of efficient wastewater management systems
- Lack of maintenance, management and facilities in open space
areas
TRANSPORTATION ISSUES
Causes of environmental problems
- Cost of transportation
- Lack of public transportation
Effects on the environment
- Lack of waste collection services due to escalating
transport costs
- Illegal dumping due to the lack of waste collection
- Over utilisation of existing waste disposal sites due to the
cost of transport involved in the management of new sites
- Increase in dangerous vehicle emissions
- Health impacts of vehicle emissions
- Many public facilities are inaccessible to a large
proportion of the population of Greater Johannesburg
SOCIAL ISSUES
Causes of waste management problems
- Lack of education and public awareness
- Poverty
- Lack of availability of public information
- Crime
Effects on waste management
- Insufficient recycling
- Culture of littering
- Illegal dumping and burning of waste
- Continued use of air pollution generating coal and wood
fires
- Health impacts
- Increase in transport generated emissions
- Many open spaces are unsafe
- Many open spaces are underutilised
- Many open spaces are utilised for informal settlements
LAND USE ISSUES
Causes of environmental problems
- Lack of environmental planning
- Increases in industrial development
- Increases in informal settlements
- Urban sprawl
- Lack of rehabilitation of mining land
- Lack of hazardous waste sites
- Densification
Effects on the environment
- An increase in the production of hazardous waste products
due to haphazard industrial development
- Lack of waste management systems
- Over utilisation of existing waste disposal sites due to
rapid urban growth and expansion
- Increase in dust particles and associated health hazards due
to the lack of rehabilitated land
- Increase in dangerous industrial emissions
- Increase in wood and coal burning fire emissions due to the
increase in informal settlements
- An increase in industrial effluent discharge
- An increase in soil erosion
- Informal settlements are usually situated on urban open
space
- Urban sprawl will increase the amount of non-utilisable open
space
- Lack of planning, especially for urban densification,
results in non-utilisable open space or development of these areas (Walmsley, 1997).
REFERENCES
Walmsley Environmental Consultants 1997: GJTMC
Integrated Metropolitan Development Plan - Report No. W262. WEC: Rivonia.
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