| The Greater Johannesburg State of the
Environment Web Site has been created to provide detailed environmental quality
information at a metropolitan level, to allow the reader to make informed decisions. The web site firstly provides an introduction that includes:
- An overview of the overall environmental quality of Greater
Johannesburg,
- Johannesburg in context,
- Background to the Cities State of the Environment Project,
- The team contributing to the project,
- An introduction to the CSoE-Project and the DPSIR (driving
force, pressure, state, impact, response)-model used to describe each issue,
- A list of all the maps used, which is linked to the relevant
maps,
- All references cited,
- Some Local Council information and maps, and
- The Methodology and Concept of the Project.
Once the reader understands the context of this project,
the detail information on the issues is more meaningful.
The State of the Environment in the Greater Johannesburg
area, is analysed according to six environmental priority issues (all described
according to existing information):
- Pollution
- Waste
- Parks and Open Space
- Conservation
- Poverty and
- Environmental Health.
These issues were identified in the Local Councils
Land Development Objectives (LDOs) of 1997. The information is analysed according to
the DPSIR-model, described in the introduction.
Each issue is subdivided into sub-issues that contain all
the detailed information:
ISSUE |
SUB-ISSUE |
SUPPORTING INFORMATION |
Pollution
(Analysis) |
Water (Analysis)* |
Monitoring
points |
| GJ Catchment areas |
Bacterial
content |
E.coli
level |
Chemical
content |
pH-levels |
Nitrate/Nitrite |
Ammonia |
Electrical
Conductivity |
Turbidity |
Sulphates |
Phosphates |
Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) |
Suspendid
solids |
Industrial
effluent: pH, lead, copper, chromium levels |
Informal
settlements: water, sanitation* |
Air (Analysis)* |
Monitoring
stations |
Major sources* |
Ozone levels |
Total rail
commuter flow |
Rail commuter
flow - am peak hour traffic |
Land
(Analysis)* |
Sources* |
Noise
(Analysis)* |
Distance from
national and major roads |
Waste
(Analysis) |
Wastewater
(Analysis) |
Sewerage
(Analysis)* |
Population
without access to water borne sewers/flush toilets* |
Industrial
effluent (Analysis)* |
pH-levels of
industrial effluent |
Solid waste (Analysis)* |
Population
without access to regular refuse removal services* |
Number and
location of landfill sites* |
Waste
generated per person* |
Daily tonnage
per landfill site* |
Parks
& Open Space
(Analysis) |
Parks (Analysis)* |
All types of
parks |
| Ratio parks per person |
| Hiking Trails |
Open Space (Analysis)* |
Cemetries |
Active |
Passive |
Sport
facilities |
Cultivated
land |
Unutilised
land |
Open space per
person* |
Conservation
(Analysis) |
Built environment
(Analysis)* |
Historical
sites* |
Cultural
sites* |
Built-up areas |
Development
potential |
Natural environment
(Analysis)* |
Conservation
potential |
Agricultural
potential |
Natural
features, pans, dams, protected/ proclaimed areas |
Environmental
and conservation areas* |
No-go
development areas* |
Rainfall |
Vegetation |
| Geology |
Poverty
(Analysis) |
Crime (Analysis)* |
Crime in GJ
1996-1998 |
Serious crime |
Murder* |
Attempted
murder |
Culpable
homicide |
Rape |
Hijacking |
Less serious
crime |
Robbery |
Theft |
Population (Analysis)* |
Density* |
Distribution* |
Health (Analysis)* |
Health
facilities: number, type* |
Access to
health facilities* |
Income (Analysis) |
Total monthly
income per hectare |
Monthly
household income |
Total
individual income |
Housing (Analysis) |
Informal
settlements: location, no. of structures* |
Built form:
informal residential, informal backyard dwelling, formal single, formal multiple
residential |
Household size |
%, no. of
households below poverty line* |
Services (Analysis)* |
Informal
settlements: water, sanitation* |
Access to
regular refuse removal* |
Access to bus
transport* |
Water: %
population with access to public tap, piped water at dwelling, piped water on site* |
Sanitation: %
population with access to buckets, pit latrines, chemical flush toilets* |
Lighting: %
population using electricity, gas, candles* |
Education (Analysis)* |
Level of
education: none, matric only, post-matric qualifications |
Educational
facilities: location, type |
Access to
education* |
Environmental
Health
(Analysis) |
Diseases related to air pollution (Analysis) |
Asthma |
Respiratory
diseases |
Ear, nose and
throat diseases |
Opthalmology |
Diseases related to water pollution (Analysis) |
Diarrhoea |
Other
gastro-intestinal diseases |
Opthalmology |
Vomiting |
Diseases related to an unhealthy home environment (Analysis) |
Asthma |
Respiratory
diseases |
Ear, nose and
throat diseases |
Opthalmology |
Dermatology |
Mental health |
Diseases related to solid waste services (Analysis) |
Gastro-intestinal
diseases |
Opthalmology |
Dermatology |
Vomiting |
Access
to environmental health advice and education (Analysis)* |
No. of
visits/access to clinics* |
| |
Malnutrition |
| |
Feeding
problems |
(*
International Indicators selected to measure environmental quality in South
Africa-described below)
The issue of the soil and geotechnical development
potential of Greater Johannesburg is also addressed, and contains information on
the natural and human factors contributing to soil degradation. Maps on the geology,
dolomitic land, landforms, slope categories, agricultural potential and geotechnical
constraints, are used to compile a map on the engineering geotechnical development
potential of the area. Human activities like agriculture, mining, population growth,
development and poverty of especially informal settlements are also addressed.
There are also some contextual maps in the list of maps,
including regional land use, population, geology, development potential, conservation
potential, agricultural potential and GJ in relation to Gauteng. The supporting
information is the basis for the development of the analysis done for each issue and
sub-issue. The analysis is done by putting the supporting information through a
GIS-analysis, which devides it into grid-themes. The maps are then overlayed to achieve
the analysis of all the sub-issues, and aggregated into the analysis of each issue. The
six main issues analysis maps are then added together to form an analysis of the
overall environmental quality of Greater Johannesburg. Each issue, sub-isssue and the
overall environmental quality is represented by maps and textual information. The vector
information of the analysis maps can be viewed by the Internet-user, by downloading
ArcExplorer from the web site. Additional cadastral information is available for the
Intranet-user, but could be made available on CD to all users.
An education chapter provides environmental
education tables based on the DPSIR-model, for each of the issues. Each table shows the
driving forces and pressures of the issue, as well as policies, technical and educational
ways in which to improve the impacts they have on the environment and on human living.
Although the circumstances in Greater Johannesburg differs
completely to that of the international environment, international indicators have
been cross linked with the relevant indicators in GJ in the above table with a (*). All
indicators, measuring environmental performance in GJ, are also listed in the web site.
The indicators are represented by a geographical map of the specific indicator
information, and in some cases, it is linked to tabular and geographical representations.
Different perspectives to the CSoER was formulated
to represent the information in a different format for different types of readers and
users, for ex. a Sustainable Development view, Local Agenda 21 overview, and separate
views of all the Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses to environmental
issues and problems in Greater Johannesburg.
The action bar provides the reader/user information
on how to get involved in environmental issues, environmental management and current
research.
For further information visit our web site
at:
www.johannesburg.gov.za/csoe or
www.johannesburg.csoe.co.za
or contact the web editor (jminnie@mj.org.za).
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