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Monitoring
Emissions For explanation of basic terms (REZZO) see Air quality
guide Responsible for managing and updating Prague databases is the Institute of Municipal Informatics of the City of Prague (IMIP), which co-operates with other organisations. The first review of emissions based on an inventory of air pollution sources in Prague was prepared in the mid-1980s. Since 1994, the issue has been paid systematic attention, also in connection with the preparation of input data for air quality modelling and of the energy concept of Prague. The quantity of emissions produced by traffic is derived from traffic intensity information for a selected network of roads and streets, which is prepared every year by the Institute of Traffic and Transportation Engineering of Prague (UDI). The calculations also take into account factors affecting emission parameters of selected road/street sections, i.e. vehicle fleet composition, terrain configuration etc., but also the situation at selected cross-roads. The calculations are performed by IMIP in collaboration with ATEM in the framework of air quality modelling activities. The REZZO 1 - 3 databases register 240 large pollution sources in Prague (including 170 fuel-burning ones), as well as 2,800 medium-sized sources (including 2,400 fuel-burning ones), and 1,700 boiler units falling into the category of small sources. Immissions The air quality in the city is monitored mainly by a network of 27 permanent monitoring stations, 13 of which belong to the Automatic Immission Monitoring System (AIM) operated by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMU). Every half-hour, these stations transmit data to operational databases. The other monitoring stations, belonging mainly to the Public Health Authority, are operated manually, with samples taken and analysed every 24 hours. Results of the measurements are collected in the Air Quality Information System (ISKO) of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, from where they are taken over by IMIP for the Environmental Information System of Prague (IOZIP). As a rule, the stations monitor mainly concentrations of “traditional” pollutants (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, possibly heavy metals). During the last few years, five of the AIM stations have also been monitoring concentrations of tropospheric ozone, and the CHMU´s observatory in Libus (southern edge of the city) regularly monitors contents of volatile organic compounds in the air. Apart from the network of monitoring stations of the nation-wide ISKO systems, there is additional air quality information acquired in Prague, which supplements the overall picture. An important source of data is represented by mobile measurements conducted mainly in the vicinity of roads and streets or in a grid of measuring points (a project of the National Health Institute). Indicative information is also provided by dust fallout data obtained by a network of approximately 50 stations operated by the Public Health Authority for many years, as well as results from suburban parts of Prague determined mainly by the passive sorption method. There was also a pilot programme in the framework of which mobile measurements of organic compounds in the centre of the city were conducted.
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